Īparicio I, Martín J, Santos JL et al (2017) Stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination of polar and non-polar emerging and priority pollutants in environmental waters. Īhmad M, Rajapaksha AU, Lim JE et al (2014) Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review.
Our results showed that the interactions were hard to predict in the complex soil–BC–pesticide system.Īhmad M, Lee SS, Dou X et al (2012) Effects of pyrolysis temperature on soybean stover- and peanut shell-derived biochar properties and TCE adsorption in water. The pesticide concentrations in the earthworms and lettuce correlated significantly to the SBSE results, which indicates this technique as a possible predictor of biotic uptake. Although not significant, it also seems that the pesticide bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, and (bio)accessibility were decreasing according to the BC type (L-BC > M-BC > H-BC). The BC addition reduced the CF (bio)accessibility measured by SBSE in all L soil mixtures and some H soil mixtures with 2% BC. The BC addition reduced pesticide uptake to the lettuce roots and leaves significantly-up to two orders of magnitude, and this reduction was strong in H soil mixtures at 2% of BC. The BC addition significantly reduced pesticide uptake to the earthworms in the L soil mixtures (by 37–96%) and in the H soil mixtures (by 6–89%) with 2% BC. BC type and dose roles in the pesticides degradation were unclear. The BC addition prevalently decreased the pesticides degradation in the L soil mixtures but often increased it in the H soil mixtures.
The EPC and TBC degradation in the soil–BC mixtures followed usually the first-order decay kinetics. Also, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was performed to determine CF (bio)accessibility. Epoxiconazole (EPC) and tebuconazole (TBC) were then added to the soil–BC mixtures, and their degradation, bioaccumulation in earthworms ( Eisenia andrei), and bioconcentration in lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) were studied for three months. Two contrasting soils (low- and high-sorbing of CF L soils, H soils) were amended by three BCs (low-, moderate-, and high-sorbing of CF L-BC, M-BC, H-BC) at 0.2% and 2% doses. The study showed novel findings about changes in the fate and bioavailability of conazole fungicides (CFs) after biochar (BC) addition to soil.